Format-Preserving Encryption for Sensitive Data

Protect sensitive values while preserving the format applications expect. Ubiq pairs format-preserving encryption with identity-governed runtime controls, so teams can decide when data is revealed, masked, de-identified, or otherwise protected based on who or what is accessing it.

Trusted in production by security & data teams

GCash
Globe Telecom
Schneider Electric
DBS Bank
Fortune100
Prive Technologies
Human Managed
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
AFWERX (U.S. Air Force)
U.S. Army
PioPac Fidelity
Capt Andy's Sailing Adventures
Fortune50

Independently attested

SOC 2SOC 2 Type IIPCI DSSPCI DSS SAQ-DCMMCCMMC 2.0 Level 1

What is format-preserving encryption?

Format-preserving encryption (FPE) is a method of encrypting data so the protected value keeps the same format, length, and character set as the original. A 16-digit card number stays a 16-digit value and a national ID keeps its structure, so encrypted data fits existing database schemas, applications, and validation rules without changes.

Preserves format and length

Encrypted values keep the original data type, length, and character set, so they drop into existing fields, schemas, and APIs without migrations.

Keeps referential integrity

Deterministic encryption maps the same input to the same protected value, so joins, lookups, and analytics keep working across systems.

Reversible by policy

Authorized identities can recover the original value, while every other identity only ever sees the protected form.

Protect sensitive data without changing its format

FPE preserves the length, character set, and structure of sensitive values. Standard AES changes the output format, which can create friction for existing applications and databases.

Credit card number

Original data
4111 1111 1111 1111
Format-preserving encryption
7843 9261 5048 2379
Protected, format preserved
Standard AES encryption
q7W9xK2mL8pR4vNz0aB3Fg==
Protected, format changed

No longer fits the original card number format

Customer ID

Original data
CUST-48271-US
Format-preserving encryption
XJQP-73519-KD
Protected, format preserved
Standard AES encryption
mZ4qT8vN2pL7sA==
Protected, format changed

Breaks the expected ID pattern

License plate

Original data
7ABC123
Format-preserving encryption
4KZT862
Protected, format preserved
Standard AES encryption
hT9vK3pQ8nR2wL==
Protected, format changed

May require validation, schema, or app changes

FPE helps protected data continue to fit existing fields, applications, databases, and workflows with fewer changes.

What format-preserving encryption does not solve

Format-preserving encryption protects the value and keeps it usable, but it does not control who can read that value in cleartext at runtime. Whether it comes from a legacy data protection platform or a built-in integration, encryption on its own still leaves overprivileged access, insider risk, and inconsistent controls unaddressed across applications, databases, APIs, analytics, and AI workflows.

It protects the value, not the access

Format-preserving encryption keeps a value usable, but it does not decide which identities can turn it back into cleartext at the moment of access.

Decrypt rights become read-everything rights

Once a system or service can decrypt, every identity behind it can read plaintext, regardless of role or context.

Controls drift across systems

Applied per application or database, encryption policies become inconsistent across the many paths that touch sensitive data.

No view of who is accessing what

Encryption alone gives no visibility into which identities and workflows are actually reading protected values.

Ubiq keeps format-preserving encryption and adds identity-governed control over who can read protected values at runtime.

How Ubiq works

Same sensitive data. Different identities. Different runtime outcomes.

Format-preserving encryption protects the value. Ubiq evaluates the requesting identity, context, and policy at runtime, then returns only the representation that identity is authorized to see.

Access request

HR app
Support analyst
Analytics API
AI agent

Protected employee record

Employee ID
EMP-3X9Q-1182
Name
Maria Chen
Email
maria@acme.com
Salary
$142,800

Real-time evaluation

Ubiq
Identity
Context
Policy

Runtime data outcome

HR app

Cleartext

Authorized to process the full employee record

EMP-3X9Q-1182Maria Chenmaria@acme.com$142,800

Support analyst

Masked

Needs to confirm the record, not read all fields

EMP-••••-1182Maria Chenm••••@acme.com$•••,•••

Analytics API

Tokenized

Authorized for analysis without exposing original identifiers

EMP-7K2M-4830Qenva Xltpx7kq2m9p@t4v8x.com$618,492

AI agent

Masked

Receives only the fields and detail needed for its task

EMP-••••-1182M•••• C•••m••••@acme.com$•••,•••

Protected once. Resolved differently at runtime for each identity.

Where teams use format-preserving encryption

Format-preserving encryption protects sensitive fields without breaking the systems that depend on their shape. These are the workflows where it matters most.

Cardholder data (PCI DSS)

Protect PANs and payment data while keeping the 16-digit format that payment systems, gateways, and validators expect.

PII in analytics and BI

Encrypt names, emails, and national IDs so analysts and BI tools can join and segment on protected values without exposing cleartext.

Cross-border and data residency

Keep regulated data protected as it moves between regions and teams, with cleartext access decided by identity and policy.

AI and ML pipelines

Feed format-preserving protected values into training and inference so models work without sensitive data in the clear.

Legacy and mainframe modernization

Protect fixed-format fields in older systems without rewriting schemas or breaking downstream integrations.

Test data and secure data sharing

Share realistic, format-correct data with vendors and lower environments while the real values stay protected.

Ubiq is built to fit your environment

Ubiq deploys inside your own environment and integrates where sensitive data already lives, so teams adopt it without heavy operational friction.

SDKs and APIs

Add protection with a few lines of code across major languages, live in minutes.

Database and warehouse integration

Protect and reveal values through SQL UDFs and native database and data warehouse integrations.

Application and API patterns

Integrate at applications, services, and API gateways without rearchitecting them.

Identity provider integration

Reuse your existing IAM so runtime decisions follow the identities you already manage.

Customer-managed keys

Bring your own HSM or KMS so key control stays with your team.

No agents, proxies, or schema changes

Deploy with no proxies in the data path and no database schema changes where applicable.

Frequently asked questions

What is format-preserving encryption (FPE)?

Format-preserving encryption is a method of encrypting data so the protected value keeps the same format, length, and character set as the original. A credit card number stays a 16-digit value and a national ID keeps its structure, so encrypted data fits existing schemas, applications, and validation rules without changes.

How is FPE different from tokenization?

Format-preserving encryption uses a cryptographic key to transform a value into a same-format ciphertext that can be reversed with the key. Tokenization replaces a value with a substitute token, which can be vaultless or vault-based. Ubiq supports both, and in either case governs at runtime which identities can recover the original value.

What types of data are good candidates for FPE?

Fixed-format fields where the shape matters: payment card numbers, account numbers, national IDs, phone numbers, and customer identifiers. Format-preserving encryption protects these values while keeping them compatible with systems and validation that expect the original format.

Does format-preserving encryption control who can see plaintext?

On its own, no. Format-preserving encryption protects the value, but it does not decide which identities can read it in cleartext. Ubiq adds that layer: it evaluates identity, context, and policy at runtime and returns full cleartext, masked, de-identified, or no data.

How does Ubiq use FPE with identity-governed access?

Ubiq protects values once with format-preserving encryption, then evaluates the requesting identity, context, and policy at runtime and returns the authorized outcome. The same protected value resolves to different outcomes for different identities across applications, databases, BI tools, and AI workflows.

Can Ubiq support FPE across applications, databases, and analytics workflows?

Yes. Ubiq integrates through SDKs and APIs, SQL UDFs, and database and data warehouse integrations, so format-preserving protection and identity-governed access apply consistently across applications, APIs, databases, warehouses, BI tools, and AI workflows.

Reveal sensitive data only to the identities authorized to see it.